diff --git a/mopidy/frontends/mpd/dispatcher.py b/mopidy/frontends/mpd/dispatcher.py
index dc665abc..e39c140b 100644
--- a/mopidy/frontends/mpd/dispatcher.py
+++ b/mopidy/frontends/mpd/dispatcher.py
@@ -236,6 +236,9 @@ class MpdContext(object):
     #: The subsytems that we want to be notified about in idle mode.
     subscriptions = None
 
+    playlist_uri_from_name = None
+    playlist_name_from_uri = None
+
     def __init__(self, dispatcher, session=None, config=None, core=None):
         self.dispatcher = dispatcher
         self.session = session
@@ -243,3 +246,29 @@ class MpdContext(object):
         self.core = core
         self.events = set()
         self.subscriptions = set()
+        self.playlist_uri_from_name = {}
+        self.playlist_name_from_uri = {}
+        self.refresh_playlists_mapping()
+
+    def create_unique_name(self, playlist_name):
+        name = playlist_name
+        i = 2
+        while name in self.playlist_uri_from_name:
+            name = '%s [%d]' % (playlist_name, i)
+            i += 1
+        return name
+
+    def refresh_playlists_mapping(self):
+        """
+        Maintain map between playlists and unique playlist names to be used by
+        MPD
+        """
+        if self.core is not None:
+            self.playlist_uri_from_name.clear()
+            self.playlist_name_from_uri.clear()
+            for playlist in self.core.playlists.playlists.get():
+                if not playlist.name:
+                    continue
+                name = self.create_unique_name(playlist.name)
+                self.playlist_uri_from_name[name] = playlist.uri
+                self.playlist_name_from_uri[playlist.uri] = name
diff --git a/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/music_db.py b/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/music_db.py
index c457ee02..11def309 100644
--- a/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/music_db.py
+++ b/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/music_db.py
@@ -381,9 +381,12 @@ def searchaddpl(context, playlist_name, mpd_query):
         return
     results = context.core.library.search(**query).get()
 
-    playlists = context.core.playlists.filter(name=playlist_name).get()
-    if playlists:
-        playlist = playlists[0]
+    if len(context.playlist_uri_from_name) == 0:
+        context.refresh_playlists_mapping()
+
+    if playlist_name in context.playlist_uri_from_name:
+        uri = context.playlist_uri_from_name[playlist_name]
+        playlist = context.core.playlists.lookup(uri).get()
     else:
         playlist = context.core.playlists.create(playlist_name).get()
     tracks = list(playlist.tracks) + _get_tracks(results)
diff --git a/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists.py b/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists.py
index b1fe87de..0c9bf050 100644
--- a/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists.py
+++ b/mopidy/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists.py
@@ -80,7 +80,11 @@ def listplaylists(context):
     for playlist in context.core.playlists.playlists.get():
         if not playlist.name:
             continue
-        result.append(('playlist', playlist.name))
+        if playlist.uri not in context.playlist_name_from_uri:
+            # the maps are not synced, we refresh them
+            context.refresh_playlists_mapping()
+        name = context.playlist_name_from_uri[playlist.uri]
+        result.append(('playlist', name))
         last_modified = (
             playlist.last_modified or dt.datetime.utcnow()).isoformat()
         # Remove microseconds
diff --git a/tests/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists_test.py b/tests/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists_test.py
index 49da5d0b..d837b0fa 100644
--- a/tests/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists_test.py
+++ b/tests/frontends/mpd/protocol/stored_playlists_test.py
@@ -64,6 +64,16 @@ class PlaylistsHandlerTest(protocol.BaseTestCase):
         self.assertInResponse('Last-Modified: 2001-03-17T13:41:17Z')
         self.assertInResponse('OK')
 
+    def test_listplaylists_duplicate(self):
+        playlist1 = Playlist(name='a', uri='dummy:a1')
+        playlist2 = Playlist(name='a', uri='dummy:a2')
+        self.backend.playlists.playlists = [playlist1, playlist2]
+
+        self.sendRequest('listplaylists')
+        self.assertInResponse('playlist: a')
+        self.assertInResponse('playlist: a [2]')
+        self.assertInResponse('OK')
+
     def test_listplaylists_ignores_playlists_without_name(self):
         last_modified = datetime.datetime(2001, 3, 17, 13, 41, 17, 12345)
         self.backend.playlists.playlists = [